When the ingot is cooled from the mold side, A-type segregates may form in the casting and segregated channels form on the surface, while the positive and negative segregation form in the top and the bottom of the ingot, respectively. 侧向凝固的铸锭在顶部形成正偏析,在底部形成负偏析,在表面形成“沟槽”偏析,在铸锭内部形成A形偏析。